Increasingly important role of numerical modeling in oceanic observation design strategy: A review     

Zhang  Kun  Mu  Mu  Wang  Qiang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(11):1678-1690

Science China Earth Sciences - Oceanic observation design is of considerable significance and has made remarkable progress during the past several decades. This study addresses the critical role of...  相似文献   

Stratospheric balloon-based dropsonde technology: Development and preliminary assessment over the Tibetan Plateau: 基于高空气球平台的下投探空:系统研发和青藏高原实验          下载免费PDF全文

《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(3):100039

To complement the atmospheric profile measurements under complex geographical environments and extreme weather conditions, a stratospheric balloon-based dropsonde technology, which is carried by a stratospheric balloon platform from the Earth's surface to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) to release the dropsonde for measurements, is independently developed and preliminarily assessed over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in this study. The dropsonde system is mainly composed of the dropsonde chamber, dropsonde with a parachute, data receiving and communication antennas, dropsonde-releasing device, and GPS (Global Positioning System) modules. The dropsonde measurements can be sent in real time through satellite communication links and by radio signals to a data receiver at the ground control center for storage and processing. A total of eight dropsondes aboard the stratospheric balloon were successfully released during the TP campaign in 2020. A preliminary assessment was conducted based on a case comparison between the dropsonde and radiosonde measurements, which indicated that the dropsonde technology we developed can generally provide reasonable atmospheric profiles. However, further efforts are still required to improve the detection performance of the dropsonde sensors after long-term locating in the UTLS and to assess the accuracy and precision of the detection technology more carefully.摘要为提高复杂地理环境和极端天气条件下的大气廓线探测能力, 本文自主研发了基于平流层高空气球平台的下投探空系统, 并在青藏高原开展探测评估实验.该系统主要由下投探空舱,携带降落伞的下投探空仪,下投施放装置,数据接收通讯天线和GPS模块等组成.下投探空仪测量数据通过卫星通信链路和无线电信号实时发送至数据接收机存储处理.2020年青藏高原实验中8枚下投探空仪全部成功施放, 提供了合理有效的大气廓线探测数据.后续会进一步提高下投探空仪传感器性能, 全面评估其探测准确性和精度.  相似文献   

Validation for a tropical belt version of WRF: sensitivity tests on radiation and cumulus convection parameterizations          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Bi-Yun  BI Xun-Qiang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2019,(3):192-200

对基本气候态和降水日变化的分析是检验模式模拟性能、理解模式误差来源的重要手段。为了评估出对热带气候模拟效果较好的物理参数化方案组合,本文应用WRF带状区域模式,主要比较了四种积云对流参数化方案:NewTiedtke、Kain-Fritsch、newSAS、Tiedtke,和两种辐射参数化方案:RRTMG和CAM,对热带带状区域的气候模拟结果。研究表明:使用NewTiedtke积云对流参数化方案和RRTMG辐射方案的试验,表现出对气温、降水及降水日变化等综合性最好的模拟性能;NewTiedtke积云对流参数化方案能模拟出较好的降水空间分布和降水日变化位相分布特征;与RRTMG辐射方案相比,CAM辐射方案会使温度模拟偏低,特别是陆地上更明显,这种陆地上的冷偏差可能主要来源于Tmin的模拟偏冷。  相似文献   

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies     

Yan XIA  Yongyun HU  Jiankai ZHANG  Fei XIE  Wenshou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1723-1736

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.  相似文献   

青藏高原那曲地区一次对流云降水过程的特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

韩亚东  赖欣  孙凌 《高原山地气象研究》2022,42(3):67-74

利用雨滴谱和Ka波段毫米波云雷达等资料,针对2020年7月21日发生在那曲地区的一次对流云降水过程进行特征分析。结果表明:此次强对流云降水过程表现出明显的日变化特征,对流云在傍晚达到最强。强对流区内存在明显的上升气流和下沉气流,降水最强时雷达回波达到40 dBZ以上,降水过程中最大云顶高度为12 km,最小为720 m。那曲地区Gamma分布相对于M-P分布更适用于对流云小直径粒子（0~1 mm）的雨滴谱拟合,随着粒子直径增大,降水越来越不稳定。   相似文献   

Characteristics and evolution of a coastal mesoscale eddy in the Western Bay of Bengal monitored by high-frequency radars     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

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Prediction of soil properties using imaging spectroscopy: Considering fractional vegetation cover to improve accuracy     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Spectroscopic techniques have become attractive to assess soil properties because they are fast, require little labor and may reduce the amount of laboratory waste produced when compared to conventional methods. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can have further advantages compared to laboratory or field proximal spectroscopic approaches such as providing spatially continuous information with a high density. However, the accuracy of IS derived predictions decreases when the spectral mixture of soil with other targets occurs. This paper evaluates the use of spectral data obtained by an airborne hyperspectral sensor (ProSpecTIR-VS – Aisa dual sensor) for prediction of physical and chemical properties of Brazilian highly weathered soils (i.e., Oxisols). A methodology to assess the soil spectral mixture is adapted and a progressive spectral dataset selection procedure, based on bare soil fractional cover, is proposed and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained specially for the quantification of clay, sand and CEC using airborne sensor data (R² of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.54; RPD of 2.14, 2.22 and 1.50, respectively), after spectral data selection is performed; although results obtained for laboratory data are more accurate (R² of 0.92, 0.85 and 0.75; RPD of 3.52, 2.62 and 2.04, for clay, sand and CEC, respectively). Most importantly, predictions based on airborne-derived spectra for which the bare soil fractional cover is not taken into account show considerable lower accuracy, for example for clay, sand and CEC (RPD of 1.52, 1.64 and 1.16, respectively). Therefore, hyperspectral remotely sensed data can be used to predict topsoil properties of highly weathered soils, although spectral mixture of bare soil with vegetation must be considered in order to achieve an improved prediction accuracy.  相似文献   

Inertial gravity wave parameters for the lower stratosphere from radiosonde data over China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZhiXuan Bai  JianChun Bian  HongBin Chen  Lei Chen 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(2):328-340

Characterization of gravity wave(GW)parameters for the stratosphere is critical for global atmospheric circulation models.These parameters are mainly determined from measurements.Here,we investigate variation in inertial GW activity with season and latitude in the lower stratosphere(18-25 km)over China,using radiosonde data with a high vertical resolution over a 2-year period.Eight radiosonde stations were selected across China,with a latitudinal range of 22°-49°N.Analyses show that the GW energy in the lower stratosphere over China has obvious seasonal variation and a meridional distribution,similar to other regions of the globe.The GW energy is highest in winter,and lowest in summer;it decreases with increasing latitude.Velocity perturbations with longitude and latitude are almost the same,indicating that GW energy is horizontally isotropic.Typically,85%of the vertical wavelength distribution is concentrated between elevations of 1 and 3 km,with a mean value of 2 km;it is almost constant with latitude.Over 80%of all the horizontal wavelengths occur in the range 100-800 km,with a mean value of 450km;they show a weak decrease with increasing latitude,yielding a difference of about 40 km over the 22°-49°N range.The ratio of horizontal wavelength over vertical wavelength is about 200:1,which implies that inertial GWs in the lower stratosphere propagate along nearly horizontal planes.Ratios of their intrinsic frequency to the Coriolis parameter decrease with increasing latitude;most values are between 1 and 2,with a mean value of 1.5.Study of the propagation directions of GW energy shows that upward fractions account for over 60%at all stations.In contrast,the horizontal propagation direction is significantly anisotropic,and is mainly along prevailing wind directions;this anisotropy weakens with increasing latitude.  相似文献   

UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater,Vulcano Island)     

G. Tamburello  E.P. Kantzas  A.J.S. McGonigle  A. Aiuppa  G. Giudice 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2011,199(1-2):47-52

The UV camera is becoming an important new tool in the armory of volcano geochemists to derive high time resolution SO₂ flux measurements. Furthermore, the high camera spatial resolution is particularly useful for exploring multiple-source SO₂ gas emissions, for instance the composite fumarolic systems topping most quiescent volcanoes. Here, we report on the first SO₂ flux measurements from individual fumaroles of the fumarolic field of La Fossa crater (Vulcano Island, Aeolian Island), which we performed using a UV camera in two field campaigns: in November 12, 2009 and February 4, 2010. We derived ~ 0.5 Hz SO₂ flux time-series finding fluxes from individual fumaroles, ranging from 2 to 8.7 t d^?1, with a total emission from the entire system of ~ 20 t d^?1 and ~ 13 t d^?1, in November 2009 and February 2010 respectively. These data were augmented with molar H₂S/SO₂, CO₂/SO₂ and H₂O/SO₂ ratios, measured using a portable MultiGAS analyzer, for the individual fumaroles. Using the SO₂ flux data in tandem with the molar ratios, we calculated the flux of volcanic species from individual fumaroles, and the crater as a whole: CO₂ (684 t d^?1 and 293 t d^?1), H₂S (8 t d^?1 and 7.5 t d^?1) and H₂O (580 t d^?1 and 225 t d^?1).  相似文献   

The role of moral economy in two British Columbia fisheries: Confronting neoliberal policies     

《Marine Policy》2015

What have been the moral values and practices allowing equitable economic opportunities and a sense of fairness in North American small-scale fisheries? How have these “moral economies” been affected by neoliberal policies with their emphasis on efficiency, rational self-interest, and wealth accumulation? Focusing especially on the salmon and halibut fisheries in British Columbia, Canada, this discussion summarizes key findings on the manner in which small-scale fisheries and their moral practices tend to be marginalized and undervalued under neoliberal regimes. The paper considers the value of these moral economies for promoting social, economic, and ecological welfare as grounds for the expansion of small-scale fisheries.  相似文献